esophageal perforations การใช้

• Currently, the most common cause of esophageal perforation is iatrogenic.
• Endoscopy has no role in the diagnosis of spontaneous esophageal perforation.
• Preexisting esophageal disease is not a prerequisite for esophageal perforation but it contributes to increased mortality.
• Sepsis due to leakage of alimentary tract contents, as in esophageal perforations, also must be considered.
• With cervical esophageal perforations, plain films of the neck show air in the soft tissues of the prevertebral space.
• Complications may also be severe and long-lasting or permanent, such as vocal cord damage, esophageal perforation and retropharyngeal abscess, bronchial intubation, or nerve injury.
• The diagnosis of esophageal perforation could also be confirmed by water-soluble contrast esophagram ( Gastrograffin ), which reveals the location and extent of extravasation of contrast material.
• Boerhaave syndrome ( also known as " spontaneous esophageal perforation " or " esophageal rupture " ) refers to an esophageal rupture secondary to forceful vomiting.
• The most common accompanying injury is esophageal perforation or rupture ( known as Boerhaave syndrome ), which occurs in as many as 43 % of the penetrating injuries to the neck that cause tracheal injury.
• Sometimes more significant complications occur including erosion of the nose where the tube is anchored, esophageal perforation, damage to a surgical anastomosis, pulmonary aspiration, a collapsed lung, or intracranial placement of the tube.